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the return an asset achieves over a certain period of time.

an investment strategy that aims to produce a positive return over time regardless of whether markets rise or fall.

a fixed-term, cohort-based program that includes mentorship and educational components and culminates in a public pitch event or demo day.

a provision in a private equity or venture capital fund’s limited partnership agreement that allows the fund to accept additional capital from existing investors. It is an option that a company can buy that gives it the right to increase its line of credit with a lender; usually in the anticipation of the need for more working capital for possible expansion opportunities.

a person allowed to invest in certain types of complex and risky investments because they’re considered financially savvy.

the period when you’re actively saving and investing for the future.

a corporate action in which one company buys most, if not all, of another company’s ownership stakes to assume control.

refers to an investment strategy where a portfolio manager uses research and experience to buy/sell securities in the hopes of generating profits and outperforming a specific index or benchmark, such as the S&P 500 Index or Russell 2000 Index. In contrast, passive management is an approach designed to track (or mimic) the performance of an index or benchmark.

the process of distributing and allocating equity shares to investors who have applied for the initial public offering (IPO). An IPO is the process in which a privately-held company makes shares of the firm available to the general public for purchase.

a key performance measurement term that gauges the performance of a particular investment strategy relative to the return of a broader market index (e.g., the S&P 500 Index) or benchmark. Alpha can be negative or positive as it simply refers to the difference between the investment return and the benchmark return, adjusted for risk. An investment that has positive alpha is outperforming the benchmark.

an investment in asset classes other than stocks, bonds, and cash.

a regulatory framework for alternative investment fund managers operating in the European Union.

a method used by organizations to share or transfer risk (i.e., potential losses) with a third party that is willing to bear the risk in exchange for a financial gain. Through the use of derivative or securitization, ART provides a customized risk management solution to address an organization’s specific needs.

spreading payments over multiple periods, like paying off a loan.

an affluent individual who provides capital for a business startup, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity.

a group of high-net-worth investors who come together to invest collectively in early-stage or start-up companies. These investors typically provide capital and expertise to support the growth of new businesses.

a group of high-net-worth investors who come together to invest collectively in early-stage or start-up companies. These investors typically provide capital and expertise to support the growth of new businesses.

a detailed report that contains comprehensive financial information and shows a company’s operations and financial performance in the preceding 12 months. This information is of interest to shareholders and potential investors.

a product that pays you income at regular intervals, usually for retirement.

an increase in the value of an asset or investment over time, which can result in capital gains if the asset is sold. Appreciation occurs for many different reasons, including increased demand, weakened supply, or a change in inflation or interest rates.

a low-risk short-term investment tactic that attempts to generate small and quick profits when the same, or similar, asset displays different values in two separate marketplaces. Investors attempt to exploit this pricing mismatch by simultaneously buying and selling an investment where the difference is considered the “profit”.

a low-risk short-term investment tactic that attempts to generate small and quick profits when the same, or similar, asset displays different values in two separate marketplaces. Investors attempt to exploit this pricing mismatch by simultaneously buying and selling an investment where the difference is considered the “profit”.

occurs when the price of a financial asset or commodity rises to levels that are well above either historical norms, the asset’s intrinsic value, or both. A rapid and unsustainable increase in the prices of assets, often followed by a sharp decline.

a grouping of investments that exhibit similar characteristics, behave similarly in the marketplace, and are subject to the same laws and regulations.

the practice of increasing total wealth over time by acquiring, maintaining, and trading investments that have the potential to grow in value.

a type security that generates cash flows from debt and is collateralized by a specific pool of income-producing assets, such as auto loans, credit cards, and mortgage loans.

a situation where the potential gains and losses of an investment are uneven, meaning one side of the transaction is exposed to greater risk than its counterpart. Simply put, asymmetric risk occurs when the potential gains from an investment are far greater than the potential losses.

a strategy where an investor purchases more shares of an investment at a lower price than their original purchase price, thereby reducing the average cost per share.

a performance-based method for evaluating the viability of a new investment strategy using historical data. Backtesting can serve as a valuable tool to understand how a particular investment could perform, and help boost confidence for the investor implementing the particular strategy.

a legal process for people or businesses that can’t pay their debts.

when the stock market is going down and people are selling their stocks.

A standard against which the performance of a security, mutual fund, or investment manager can be measured.

the true owner of an asset, even if it’s in someone else’s name.

someone named to receive benefits from a will, insurance policy, or retirement account.

a measure of how much an investment’s price is expected to move compared to the market.

a type of limited partnership offering in which the partners contribute capital without knowing how their capital will be invested by the general partner.

a decentralized, distributed ledger system used to record transactions across many computers.

the return you get on a bond investment.

starting a business without external help or capital.

determining when your business will start making a profit.

the point at which total cost and total revenue are equal, meaning there is no loss or gain for your small business. The amount of money, or change in value, for which an asset must be sold to cover the costs of acquiring and owning it.

an interim financing option used by companies and other entities to solidify their short-term position until a long-term financing option can be arranged.

a short-term loan used until a person or company secures permanent financing or removes an existing obligation.

a financial entity that is engaged with trading securities on behalf of clients, but which may also trade for itself.

when spending exceeds income.

when the stock market is going up and people are buying more stocks.

how quickly a company is spending its cash reserves to cover overhead costs usually expressed in monthly units. It is also a measure of negative cash flow also expressed as the amount of cash spent per month.

is a recurring pattern of economic expansion and contraction. It is measured by the rise and fall of gross domestic product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services produced in a country. The business cycle has four phases: Expansion, Peak, Contraction, and Trough.

the purchase of a controlling percentage of a company’s stock.

a table providing an analysis of the founders’ and investors’ percentage of ownership, equity dilution, and value of equity in each round of investment.

a rise in an investment’s market price. Capital appreciation is the difference between the purchase price and the selling price of an investment.

a simple and widely used financial model to calculate the expected return of an asset or investment by using the expexted return of the broader market, the risk-free rate, and the asset’s sensitivity to the overall market (measured as beta).

a legal right of an investment firm or an insurance company to demand a portion of the money promised to it by an investor.

the amount of money a limited partner promises to contribute to a venture capital fund.

money spent by a business on acquiring or maintaining fixed assets, such as land, buildings, and equipment.

an increase in the value of a capital asset (investment or real estate) that gives it a higher worth than the purchase price.

tax on the profit you make from selling something for more than you bought it for.

the loss incurred when a capital asset, such as an investment or real estate, decreases in value. This loss is not realized until the asset is sold for a price that is lower than the original purchase price.

an investment strategy that aims to protect capital and prevent loss of a portfolio. When using this investment strategy, investors opt for safe, short-term assets.

the total capital invested in a project, including pure equity, hybrid equity, and debt.

a share of any profits that the general partners of private equity and hedge funds receive as compensation.

the total amount of money being transferred in and out of a business.

a provision in which money already paid must be returned under certain conditions.

something of value used to secure a loan.

a complex structured finance product that is backed by a pool of loans and other assets.

basic goods used in commerce that are interchangeable with other commodities of the same type.

earning interest on both the money you save and the interest it has already earned.

a form of short-term debt that converts into equity, typically in conjunction with a future financing round.

a type of preferred stock that holders can convert into a predetermined number of common stock shares.

a statistic that measures the degree to which two securities move in relation to each other. Correlations are used in advanced portfolio management, computed as the correlation coefficient, which has a value that must fall between -1.0 and +1.0.

a statistic that measures the degree to which two securities move in relation to each other. Correlations are used in advanced portfolio management, computed as the correlation coefficient, which has a value that must fall between -1.0 and +1.0.

the original value of an asset, used to calculate capital gains for taxes.

a financial derivative or contract that allows an investor to “swap” or offset his or her credit risk with that of another investor.

the chance that a borrower might not repay a loan.

a number that shows lenders how good you are at paying back money you borrow.

the practice of funding a project or venture by raising small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet.

a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

the rate at which business proposals and investment pitches are being received.

combining several debts into one, usually with a lower interest rate.

raising funds through borrowing.

when a firm raises money for working capital or capital expenditures by selling bonds, bills, or notes to investors.

a measure of your debt compared to your income.

taxes that are owed but not yet paid.

the reduction in the ownership percentage of a share of stock caused by the issuance of new stock.

the act of buying a security directly from the issuer to hold for investment purposes.

the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges banks for loans.

securities of companies or government entities in trouble that are under bankruptcy protection or heading towards such a situation.

spreading your investments to reduce risk.

a mix of different types of investments to spread out risk.

a dividend as a percentage of a stock’s price.

a stock market index that measures how 30 large, publicly-owned companies based in the United States have traded.

a round of financing where investors purchase stock from a company at a lower valuation than earlier investors.

various methods an investor uses to prevent a decrease in the value of the investment.

a clause in a shareholders’ agreement that allows majority shareholders to force minority shareholders to join in the sale of a company.

a slang term referring to marketable securities that are highly liquid and considered cash-like.

an investigation or audit of a potential investment to confirm all facts, such as reviewing all financial records.

a measure of a company’s operating performance.

an increase in how much money a company makes over time.

a contractual provision stating that the seller of a business is to obtain additional compensation in the future if the business achieves certain financial goals.

a financial asset donation made to non-profit group or institution in the form of investment funds or other property that has a stated purpose at the bequest of the donor.

the hypothesis that people value a good or service more once their property right to it has been established.

ownership in something, like stocks or your home.

raising money for a business by getting a lot of people to invest a little bit each.

raising capital for a business by selling shares of it to investors.

an extra form of compensation given to venture capitalists.

getting cash from the value of your home while still living in it.

an agreement to exchange future cash flows from two different financial instruments.

a legal concept describing a financial instrument whereby an asset or escrow money is held by a third party on behalf of two other parties.

making plans for what happens to your money and stuff after you die.

tax on a deceased person’s money and property before it’s passed on to their heirs.

like a collection of stocks or bonds you can buy and sell on the stock market.

a type of venture capital fund where the money invested is automatically reinvested in new ventures as old ones mature and turn a profit.

the value of one currency in terms of another.

a planned approach to terminating the position in an investment or business venture while maximizing its value.

how much risk you’re facing from your investments.

private wealth management advisory firms that serve ultra-high-net-worth investors.

someone who is required to act in your best financial interest.

financial contracts whose value is based on an underlying asset.

a regulatory body that governs business between brokers, dealers and the investing public.

using debt to increase the potential return of an investment.

a professional who helps you set and achieve your long-term financial goals.

creating a plan to meet future financial goals.

a financial portfolio is an aggregation of various types of investments, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, cash, and other financial instruments. It can also encompass a broader range of assets, including real estate, art, and private investments. The composition of a portfolio is tailored to the investor’s goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon, offering a diversified approach to wealth management and growth.

industry composed of companies that use technology to offer financial services.

saving a lot of money so you can stop working earlier than usual.

government decisions about spending and taxes to help control the economy.

investments like bonds that pay regular interest.

additional investment in a company that had been previously invested in.

the process of attempting to predict the future condition of the economy, based on historical data and other factors. Can also apply to predicting future revenues of individual companies or properties.

an investment strategy of holding a portfolio of other investment funds rather than investing directly in stocks, bonds, or other securities.

things that are interchangeable with others of the same type, like money.

an agreement to buy or sell something at a future date for a price set today.

a partner who is involved in the day-to-day operations of the partnership and has unlimited liability.

ways to give money or property to others in a tax-efficient manner.

a trust where the grantor retains control over the assets and income.

a clause in an IPO underwriting agreement that grants the underwriter the right to sell more shares than originally planned.

the total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a year.

the total money you make before any deductions or taxes.

the difference between sales and the cost of goods sold.

sales revenue minus the cost of goods sold.

the total revenue generated by a business without deducting any expenses and losses.

a type of private equity investment, usually minority investment, in relatively mature companies that are looking for capital to expand or restructure operations.

an investment strategy that aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing in assets expected to grow at a higher rate than the market.

investing in companies that are expected to grow faster than others.

the percentage change of a specific variable within a specific time period. For investors, it typically represents the compounded annualized rate of growth of an investment, or a company’s revenues, earnings, or dividends.

physical assets that have value, due to their substance and properties.

making an investment to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset.

a type of investment fund that uses advanced strategies to earn high returns.

an advanced risk management strategy that involves buying or selling an investment to potentially help reduce the risk of loss of an existing position.

a high paying bond with a lower credit rating than investment-grade corporate bonds, Treasury bonds, and municipal bonds.

someone with a lot of money available to invest.

an investment that offers a high return, but with higher risk.

a company that owns other companies.

the amount of time the investment is held by an investor, or the period between the purchase and sale of a security.

takeover offers taken directly to shareholders because management has rejected the offer.

a savings account that lets you save money tax-free for medical expenses.

the minimum rate of return on a project or investment required by a manager or investor.

the state of a security or other asset that cannot easily be sold or exchanged for cash without a substantial loss in value.

investments made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate social and environmental impact alongside a financial return.

the date on which the fund began its operations. The commencement date indicates when a fund began investing in the market. Many investors prefer funds with longer operating histories. Funds with longer histories have longer track records and can thereby provide investors with a more long-standing picture of their performance.

a type of mutual fund that aims to provide income from investments.

a report showing a company’s income and expenses.

a company that helps new and startup companies to develop by providing services such as management training or office space.

a type of investment that tries to match the performance of a market index.

investing in a portfolio designed to replicate the performance of a market index.

when prices go up and your money buys less.

an investment that protects against the loss of purchasing power due to inflation.

the allocation of capital to projects such as roads, bridges, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, etc.

tax you might have to pay when you get money or property from someone who has died.

a type of crowdfunding, or crowd investing, using cryptocurrencies.

when a company first sells shares to the public.

a nonbank person or organization that trades securities in large enough share quantities or dollar amounts that they qualify for preferential treatment and lower commissions.

the percentage of extra money you pay to borrow money, or you get for saving money.

a financial solution that allows qualified loan customers to swap a variable interest rate for a fixed rate over a defined period of time, increasing the predictability of cash flow.

an agreement between two counterparties in which one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another based on a specified principal amount.

a metric used in capital budgeting measuring the profitability of potential investments.

the true or inherent value of an investment, often determined by fundamental analysis of the underlying company’s financial and operational performance.

a professional who gives advice on what investments to make.

a set of principles, behaviors and/or procedures designed to guide an individual investor’s selection of an investment portfolio in order to achieve that investor’s financial and investment goals. An investment strategy is what guides an investor’s decisions based on goals, risk tolerance, and future needs for capital.

the method and philosophy followed by an investor or money manager in selecting investments for a portfolio. Investment style is based on several factors and typically tends to be based on parameters such as risk preference, growth vs. value orientation, and/or market cap.

a reasoned argument for a particular investment strategy, backed up by research and data.

the theory that a country’s trade deficit will worsen initially after the depreciation of its currency.

a bank account owned by two or more people.

sharing ownership of something, like a house or bank account, with someone else.

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

owning property together in a way that if one owner dies, the other automatically gets their share.

a business project where two or more companies join forces for a specific goal.

property owned by more than one person.

the area where a particular set of laws apply.

a retirement plan for self-employed people and their employees.

insurance a business buys in case a main employee dies or can’t work, covering financial loss.

tax rules for the investment income of children to prevent parents from avoiding taxes.

a measure used to evaluate success in specific areas.

a strategy for investing in bonds with different maturities.

using borrowed money to increase the potential return of an investment.

the ratio of a company’s debt to its equity.

buying a company using a large amount of borrowed money.

funds that use financial derivatives to amplify the returns of an underlying index.

a mutual fund in the hybrid category that automatically resets the asset mix of stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents in its portfolio according to a selected time frame.

a take-profit order placed with a bank or brokerage to buy or sell a set amount of a financial instrument at a specified price or better.

a business structure that protects owners from personal responsibility for the company’s debts.

an investor in a limited partnership who can lose no more than the amount of their investment.

things you own that can be quickly turned into cash.

a term used in venture capital contracts to specify which investors get paid first and how much they get paid in the event of a liquidation event.

how easy it is to turn your investments into cash.

when you can’t easily convert assets to cash without losing value.

a liquidity premium is an incremental return that compensates an investor for owning an asset that is not highly liquid.

a window of time in which investors of a hedge fund or another fund cannot sell or redeem their shares.

a transaction where a company’s management team purchases the assets and operations of the business.

the amount a company charges for the professional management of assets.

borrowing money to buy stocks, amplifying both potential gains and losses.

the total value of a company’s outstanding shares.

a request by an investor to buy or sell a security at the best available price in the current market.

the possibility that an individual or other entity will experience losses due to factors that affect the overall performance of investments in the financial markets.

the risk that the value of investments will decline.

the difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate.

trying to predict the best times to buy or sell stocks.

when the prices of investments go up and down a lot over a short period.

the voluntary fusion of two companies on broadly equal terms into one new legal entity.

a hybrid of debt and equity financing that is typically used to finance the expansion of existing companies.

a type of mutual fund that invests in short-term, high-quality securities.

the risk that a party insulated from risk may behave differently from the way it would behave if it were fully exposed to the risk.

investments secured by mortgages.

an investment program funded by shareholders that trades in diversified holdings and is professionally managed.

the value of an entity’s assets minus the value of its liabilities, often in relation to open-end, mutual funds, hedge funds, and venture capital funds.

the per-share value of a mutual fund or ETF.

the money left after all expenses and taxes are paid.

a measure of a company’s total debt minus cash, relative to its equity.

what you own minus what you owe.

the interest rate before taking inflation into account.

a legally enforceable contract that establishes confidentiality between two parties—the owner of protected information and the party to whom the information will be disclosed.

stocks that don’t pay dividends, instead reinvesting profits in the company.

an investment that doesn’t get any special tax benefits.

a loan where the borrower is not personally liable if they default.

Investing money in a country other than your own, sometimes to get tax benefits.

the costs associated with running a business.

the profit a business makes from its normal operations.

how much profit a company makes on each dollar of sales.

individuals who are employees of private equity firms but are not part of the investment team.

what you give up by choosing one option over another.

a stock of shares set aside to be granted to employees, usually as part of their compensation.

trading contracts that give you the right to buy or sell stock at a set price.

an acquisition or purchase of an asset or security in full with one payment, without using borrowed funds or other forms of leverage.

buying and selling securities directly between two parties, without using a formal exchange.

a way to value a company by comparing its share price to its earnings per share.

on equal footing. Used in finance to describe situations where two or more assets, securities, creditors, or obligations are equally managed without any display of preference.

a type of protection given to preferred shareholders, entitling them to receive dividends or liquidation proceeds.

money you earn with little to no effort, like rent from a property.

investing in a way that mimics a market index without frequent trading.

the percentage of earnings a company pays to shareholders in dividends.

very cheap stocks, often risky investments.

a fund established by an employer to facilitate and organize the investment of employees’ retirement funds.

all of your investments put together.

a company that a specific venture capital firm, buyout firm, or private equity firm has invested in.

selecting and overseeing a group of investments that meet the long-term financial objectives and risk tolerance of a client, a company, or an institution.

adjusting the mix of investments in your portfolio to maintain your desired level of risk.

the value of a company after outside financing and/or capital injections are added to its balance sheet.

the valuation of a company or asset prior to an investment or financing.

the claim on profits given to preferred investors in a project.

a type of stock that pays fixed dividends and has priority over common stock in asset liquidation.

the overall process, whether explicit or inferred, of setting the proper price of an asset, security, commodity, or currency.

the original sum of money borrowed in a loan or put into an investment. In the context of investing, principal is the original sum committed to the purchase of assets (independent of any earnings or interest).

a fixed-income security that guarantees a minimum return equal to the investor’s initial investment (the principal amount), regardless of the performance of the underlying asset.

equity capital that is not quoted on a public exchange.

an arrangement between a public company and private investors to purchase a large number of shares at a discount.

a sale of stock shares or bonds to pre-selected investors and institutions rather than on the open market.

the right of an investor to participate in subsequent funding rounds to maintain their ownership percentage in a company.

when a trader trades stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, their derivatives, or other financial instruments with the firm’s own money, as opposed to depositors’ money, so as to make a profit for itself.

a dividend that qualifies for lower tax rates.

a retirement plan with tax benefits like a 401(k) or pension.

ensuring products or services meet certain standards.

using math and statistics to evaluate investments.

when a central bank buys securities to increase the money supply and encourage lending and investment.

a monetary policy whereby a central bank buys government bonds or other financial assets to inject money into the economy.

when the central bank reduces the money supply.

the process of designing and developing trading strategies based on mathematical and statistical analyses.

joining others online to invest in big real estate projects.

buying property as an investment to earn rental income or to sell at a higher price.

a company that owns, operates or finances income-generating real estate.

a publicly-traded company that actively invests in properties—generally commercial real estate. Unlike real estate investment trusts (REITs), REOCs reinvest the money they earn back into their business and are subject to higher corporate taxes than REITs.

the return on an investment after adjusting for inflation.

the process of restructuring a company’s debt and equity mixture, often to stabilize a company’s capital structure.

a period of economic decline.

the repayment of any non-traded investment on or before its maturity date. Mutual fund investors can request redemptions for all or part of their shares from their fund manager.

a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulation governing private placement exemptions.

companies that own or finance real estate that pays you dividends.

money you make from renting out property.

a significant modification made to the debt, operations, or structure of a company in order to eliminate financial harm and improve the business.

a measure of an investment’s total interest, dividends and capital gains, expressed as a financial gain or loss over a specific timeframe. In its simplest terms, is the money made or lost on an investment over some period of time.

the gain or loss generated on an investment relative to the amount of money invested.

a process where a private company becomes publicly traded without going through an initial public offering (IPO).

the chance that an outcome or investment’s actual gains will differ from an expected outcome or return. Risk includes the possibility of losing some or all of an original investment.

determines the likelihood of loss on an asset, loan, or an investment. Assessing risk is the most important aspect to determine if it is a personal fit for an investor.

preferring safer investments to avoid losing money.

the funds earmarked by an investor for high-risk, high-reward investments.

planning for and protecting against potential losses.

a portfolio allocation strategy using risk to determine allocations across various components of an investment portfolio.

how much risk you’re willing to take with your investments.

a measure of the profit, or return, of an investment that takes into account the degree of risk that must be accepted in order to achieve it.

digital platforms that provide automated, algorithm-driven financial planning services with little to no human supervision.

a financial strategy that entrepreneurs use when the business owners want to sell the business.

a savings account for retirement that lets you withdraw money tax-free when you retire.

a provision in a law or regulation that affords protection from liability or penalty under specific situations or if certain conditions are met.

a bank account that keeps your money safe and pays you a little bit of interest.

the process of evaluating potential investments against a set of predefined criteria.

a market where investors buy and sell securities they already own.

a loan backed by collateral, which the lender can take if you don’t repay.

financial assets that can be traded, like stocks and bonds.

the U.S. governmental agency responsible for enforcing federal securities laws, proposing securities rules, and regulating the securities industry.

the act of loaning a stock, derivative or other security to an investor or firm.

the initial capital used when starting a business, often coming from the founders’ personal assets, friends or family.

those who are making investment decisions on their own behalf, i.e. selecting investment types and making trades themselves without the help of a financial adviser.

debt that takes priority over other unsecured or otherwise more “junior” debt owed by the issuer.

the naming convention for rounds of funding in the startup ecosystem.

a unique form of limited liability company (“LLC”) in which the articles of formation specifically allow for unlimited segregation of membership interests, assets, and operations into independent series.

a measure for calculating risk-adjusted return, it has become the industry standard for such calculations.

choosing investments based on ethical, social, and environmental criteria.

the process of identifying potential investments for a fund.

state-owned investment fund investing in real and financial assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, precious metals, or in alternative investments.

a subsidiary created by a parent company to isolate financial risk.

investing with the hope of making a quick profit from market fluctuations.

a public financial market in which financial instruments or commodities are traded for immediate delivery.

a condition of slow economic growth and relatively high unemployment, or economic stagnation, accompanied by rising prices, or inflation.

a company that builds startups using its own ideas and resources.

the right to buy or sell a company’s stock at a set price in the future.

a type of investor, usually a corporation, who invests in a startup with the goal of forming a partnership for mutual business advantages.

a loan or security that ranks below other loans or securities with regard to claims on assets or earnings.

investing in companies that are environmentally friendly and socially responsible.

equity that is received in exchange for the labor or the commitment made by the equity recipient.

the process of adjusting a mutual fund’s net asset value to effectively pass on trading costs to the investors in the fund who are buying or selling shares.

a group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest, particularly in finance for the purpose of conducting a larger transaction.

a legal concept in corporate law that allows minority shareholders to sell their shares under the same conditions as majority shareholders.

any type of investment, financial account, or savings plan that is either exempt from taxation, tax-deferred, or that offers other types of tax benefits.

categories that determine how much tax you pay based on how much money you make.

something that reduces how much income tax you have to pay.

investing in a way that minimizes taxes.

places with low or no taxes that attract people and businesses to invest or deposit money.

selling investments at a loss to help lower your tax bill.

the amount of income that is subject to income tax.

a non-binding agreement setting forth the basic terms and conditions under which an investment will be made.

the idea that money available now is worth more than the same amount in the future because of its potential earning capacity.

the process of digitally representing real, physical assets on distributed ledgers, or issuing traditional asset classes in tokenised form.

a measure of financial performance that takes into account capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset, as well as investment income generated from dividends, interest payments and other distributions, over a specific period of time. Total return is often expressed as a percentage of the initial investment, and it is an important metric for evaluating the overall performance of an investment over time.

the extent to which investors have ready access to required financial information about a company, such as: prior track record, investor suitability, investment methods, market depth, and audited financial reports. Investors also require transparency with investment firms and funds surrounding the various fees that’ll be charged to them.

short-term government securities.

the portion of shares that a company keeps in its own treasury.

a way to give money or property to someone with rules about how they can use it.

the financial recovery of a company that has been performing poorly for an extended time.

when you owe more on your mortgage than your house is worth.

the process through which an individual or institution takes on financial risk for a fee.

money you get from investments or other sources, not from working.

a privately held startup company valued at over $1 billion.

a loan not backed by collateral, based solely on creditworthiness.

how much happiness or satisfaction you get from a product or service.

the analytical process of determining the current worth of an asset or company.

a tax on the amount by which the value of an article has been increased at each stage of its production or distribution.

buying stocks that are undervalued in the market.

an interest rate on a loan or savings that can change over time.

capital provided by investors to startup firms and small businesses with perceived long-term growth potential.

money invested in new companies with the potential for big growth.

an investor who gives money to startup companies with high growth potential in exchange for equity.

a type of loan offered by banks and nonbank lenders that is designed specifically for early-stage, high-growth companies with venture capital backing. Often used as a complement to equity investments.

also called a startup studio business model, is a company that works to build several different companies in rapid succession. Venture studios develop the idea behind a company while simultaneously investing capital.

the year in which the first influx of investment capital is delivered to a project or investment.

how much and how quickly the price of an investment changes.

profiting from differences in the expected volatility of a stock and the volatility implied by options prices.

a measure of the stock market’s expectation of volatility.

an increase in wages across the economy.

the right to buy a company’s stock at a certain price before a certain date.

selling a security at a loss and then quickly buying it back.

professional advice on how to manage your money, investments, and taxes all in one.

a tax based on the total value of everything you own.

the process of passing assets from one person to another, often through inheritance.

a company or person that acquires a corporation on the verge of being taken over by a forced bidder.

legal documents that say who gets your stuff after you die.

the difference between a company’s current assets and current liabilities.

efficiency achieved by firms under competitive pressure.

the money you earn from an investment.

a graph showing the interest rates of bonds with different maturities.

the total return expected on a bond if held until it matures.

a measure used to predict the probability of a company going bankrupt.